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EPS1 Save 8 - 12% Nano Fuel Technology
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• Fuel savings of 10% or greater.
• Emission reductions of CO, HC, NOx of 25% or greater.
• Emission reductions of CO2 of 10% or greater.
• Reduction of particulate matter of 50% or greater.
• Power enhancement of 10% or greater.
• Reduction of engine noise.
• Removal of carbon deposits in the engine.
• Extension of the engine’s service life.
Scope of Applications
EPS Nano Fuel Technology can be applied to all fuel powered vehicles, equipment and machinery. EPS Nano Fuel Devices can be used in industry, government or by individuals.
The EPS-Series is designed to handle fuel flows from ½ liter (1 pint) per hour to 160 liters (42 gallons) per our. This series is best suited for installation on vehicles, mobile equipment and machinery, small boats, construction and agricultural equipment.
EPS 1 is for Gas engines vehicles up to aprox. 4L V6
Neodymium Ferro Boron Magnets
A neodymium magnet can hold up 1300 times its own mass
Nd2Fe14B
NdFeB (Neodymium-Iron-Boron) or NIB Magnet. The most powerful 'rare-earth' permanent magnet composition known. The NdFeB formulation is relatively modern, first becoming commercially available in 1984. NdFeB magnets have the highest B, Br, and BHmax of any magnet formula. They also have very high Hc (see below for definitions). They are however very brittle, hard to machine, and sensitive to corrosion and high temperatures.. In almost all magnet applications, NdFeB are the best choice for incredible strength and coercivity. In power generation applications, NdFeB magnets give 4-5 times the power output of ceramic magnets.
Neodymium magnets are very strong in comparison to their mass. Neodymium magnets are graded in strength from N24 to the strongest, N54. The theoretical limit for Neodymium magnets is grade N64. The number after the N represents the magnetic energy product, in megagauss-oersteds (MGOe) (1 MG•Oe = 7,958 T•A/m = 7,958 J/m³). N48 has a remnant static magnetic field of 1.38 Teslas and an H (magnetic field intensity) of 13,000 oersteds (1.0 MA/m). By volume one requires about 18 times as much ceramic magnet material for the equivalent magnet lifting strength, and about 3 to 5 times as much for the equivalent dipole moment.
Neodymium magnets should always be handled carefully. Some that are slightly larger than the size of a penny are powerful enough to lift over 10 kilograms (22 lbs). An NIB's magnetic force increases with the size of the piece of ferromagnetic metal. Larger neodymium magnets can severely pinch skin or fingers, or even break bones when suddenly attracted to a magnetic object. Operating a large neodymium magnet close to smaller magnetic objects (keys, pens, etc.) and larger magnetic surfaces (radiator or a car, for example) can be dangerous if the person is caught between the magnet and the magnetic object or surface..
Caution must be taken when using neodymium magnets. A neodymium magnet is powerful enough to destroy the contents of a floppy disk to such an extent that the information is unrecoverable. In addition, neodymium magnets are one of the only materials that can successfully erase the information contained on the magnetic stripes ofcredit cards. Neodymium magnets are often strong enough to not only magnetize colorCRT shadow masks, but also physically deform the mask itself. Such damage is typically not repairable.
Manufacturing: NdFeB magnets are complicated to manufacture. The powdered NdFeB material is packed in molds, then sintered. The non-magnetized 'magnets' are then shaped to the correct size and plated. To magnetize them, they are placed in a very expensive machine that generates an extremely high-powered magnetic field for an instant, using high-voltage capacitor discharge and coils. The polarity of the finished magnet depends on how it was oriented in the magnetizing machine, and how the particles in the sintered mixture were oriented.
NdFeB magnets are by nature very hard and brittle. They can be cut, drilled and machined, but should only be done by those with experience in ceramics. If the magnets get over about 300 deg F, they will lose their magnetism permanently. They are flammable, and it is not difficult while grinding or machining to get them (or the chips and dusts from cutting) so hot that they ignite. If they do ignite, the fumes are toxic and the material burns very fast and hot, like Magnesium! Any machining of these magnets should be performed with diamond tools under lots of coolant with good ventilation and the risk of fire in mind.
• Magnet Strength Measurements (B)--The units for measuring the field strength (flux density) of a magnet are Gauss or Tesla. 1 Tesla = 10,000 Gauss. The Earth's magnetic field is on the order of 1 Gauss. There are different ways to classify and measure field strength:
• B (flux density): This is the measurement (in Gauss or Tesla) you get when you use a gaussmeter at the surface of a magnet. The reading is completely dependant on the distance from the surface, the shape of the magnet, the exact location measured, the thickness of the probe and of the magnet's plating. Steel behind a magnet will increase the measured 'B' significantly. Not a very good way to compare magnets, since B varies so much depending on measurement techniques.
• Br (residual flux density): The maximum flux a magnet can produce, measured only in a closed magnetic circuit. Our figures for each magnet are provided to us by the magnet manufacturer. They are a good way to compare magnet strength...but keep in mind that a magnet in a closed magnetic circuit is not doing any good for anything except test measurements.
• B-H Curve: Also called a "hysteresis loop," this graph shows how a magnetic material performs as it is brought to saturation, demagnetized, saturated in the opposite direction, then demagnetized again by an external field. The second quadrant of the graph is the most important in actual use--the point where the curve crosses the B axis is Br, and the point where it crosses the H axis is Hc (see below). The product of Br and Hc is BHmax. If we have these measurements available, they are provided to us by the magnet manufacturer--very complicated and expensive equipment is needed to plot a B-H curve.
• Magnet Quality (BHmax): The quality of magnetic materials is best stated by the Maximum Energy Product (BHmax), measured in MegaGauss Oersted (MGOe). This is because the size and shape of a magnet and the material behind it (such as iron) have a large effect on the measured field strength at the surface, as does the exact location at which it measured. All of our Nickel-plated NdFeB magnets are grade N35 (BHmax=35 MGOe) and all of our Gold-plated NdFeB magnets are grade N45 (BHmax=45 MGOe). This gives about a 5% difference in strength, and a 150% difference in cost...it is wise to balance your magnet strength needs by cost too. Other magnets are measured the same way -- a grade 8 ferrite magnet (grade C8) has BHmax=8 MGOe.
• Coercivity (Hc): This measures a magnet's resistance to demagnetization. It is the external magnetic field strength required to magnetize, de-magnetize or re-magnetize a material, also measured in Gauss or Tesla.
Curie Temperature (Tc): This is the temperature at which a magnet material loses it's strength, permanently. Another useful number (if available) is Tmax, the recommended maximum operating temperature. Above Tmax (around 266 deg. F for most NdFeB magnets) a magnet will start to lose its power, and at Tc all power is lost.
See Also
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